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The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection. [3] Paul Modrich talks about himself and his work in DNA repair.
The SOS response is a global response to DNA damage in which the cell cycle is arrested and DNA repair and mutagenesis are induced. The system involves the RecA protein (Rad51 in eukaryotes). The RecA protein, stimulated by single-stranded DNA, is involved in the inactivation of the repressor of SOS response genes thereby inducing the response ...
Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism. [2] DNA damage occurs constantly because of chemicals (e.g. intercalating agents), radiation and other mutagens. Three excision repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR).
For instance, rad52 cells, which cannot repair double-stranded DNA breaks, tend to permanently arrest in G2 when exposed to even very low levels of x-irradiation, and rarely end up progressing through the later stages of the cell cycle. This is because the cells cannot repair DNA damage and thus do not enter mitosis.
2072 50505 Ensembl ENSG00000175595 ENSMUSG00000022545 UniProt Q92889 Q9QZD4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005236 NM_015769 RefSeq (protein) NP_005227 NP_056584 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 13.92 – 13.95 Mb Chr 16: 12.93 – 12.97 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse ERCC4 is a protein designated as DNA repair endonuclease XPF that in humans is encoded by the ERCC4 gene. Together with ...
The DNA repair mechanism involving photolyases is called photoreactivation. They mainly convert pyrimidine dimers into a normal pair of pyrimidine bases. Photo reactivation, the first DNA repair mechanism to be discovered, was described initially by Albert Kelner in 1949 [ 3 ] and independently by Renato Dulbecco also in 1949.
The HRR pathway requires that a second homologous chromosome be available to allow recovery of the information lost by the first chromosome due to the double-strand damage. DNA damage appears to play a key role in mammalian aging, and an adequate level of DNA repair promotes longevity (see DNA damage theory of aging and reference. [28]).
DNA repair protein XRCC4 (hXRCC4) also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene. XRCC4 is also expressed in many other animals, fungi and plants. [5] hXRCC4 is one of several core proteins involved in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to repair DNA double strand ...