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The work W done by a constant force of magnitude F on a point that moves a displacement s in a straight line in the direction of the force is the product = For example, if a force of 10 newtons (F = 10 N) acts along a point that travels 2 metres (s = 2 m), then W = Fs = (10 N) (2 m) = 20 J. This is approximately the work done lifting a 1 kg ...
Work done by force fields can be done indefinitely slowly, so as to approach the fictive reversible quasi-static ideal, in which entropy is not created in the system by the process. In thermodynamics, non-mechanical work is to be contrasted with mechanical work that is done by forces in immediate contact between the system and its surroundings.
The work done by a conservative force is equal to the negative of change in potential energy during that process. For a proof, imagine two paths 1 and 2, both going from point A to point B. The variation of energy for the particle, taking path 1 from A to B and then path 2 backwards from B to A, is 0; thus, the work is the same in path 1 and 2 ...
Mechanical work due to a Resultant Force W = J = N m = kg m 2 s −2: M L 2 T −2: Work done ON mechanical system, Work done BY W ON, W BY = J = N m = kg m 2 s −2: M L 2 T −2: Potential energy: φ, Φ, U, V, E p
The work done by a conservative force is = where is the change in the potential energy associated with the force. The negative sign provides the convention that work done against a force field increases potential energy, while work done by the force field decreases potential energy.
Thermodynamic work is measured by change in the system, and is not necessarily the same as work measured by forces and distances in the surroundings, though, ideally, such can sometimes be arranged; [5] this distinction is noted in the term 'isochoric work', at constant system volume, with =, which is not a form of thermodynamic work.
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
If a constant force F is applied to a particle that makes a displacement Δr, [note 1] the work done by the force is defined as the scalar product of the force and displacement vectors: W = F ⋅ Δ r . {\displaystyle W=\mathbf {F} \cdot \Delta \mathbf {r} \,.}