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Address geocoding, or simply geocoding, is the process of taking a text-based description of a location, such as an address or the name of a place, and returning geographic coordinates, frequently latitude/longitude pair, to identify a location on the Earth's surface. [1]
The formats were originally defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and described in their Simple Feature Access [1] and Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems [2] specifications. The current standard definition is ISO 19162:2019. [3] This supersedes ISO 19162:2015. [4]
The related term geocoding refers to the process of taking non-coordinate-based geographical identifiers, such as a street address, and finding associated geographic coordinates (or vice versa for reverse geocoding). Such techniques can be used together with geotagging to provide alternative search techniques. [citation needed]
Geohash is a public domain geocode system invented in 2008 by Gustavo Niemeyer [2] which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits. Similar ideas were introduced by G.M. Morton in 1966. [ 3 ]
What3words (stylized as what3words) is a proprietary geocode system designed to identify any location on the surface of Earth with a resolution of about 3 metres (9.8 ft). It is owned by What3words Limited, based in London, England.
The Open Location Code (OLC) is a geocode based on a system of regular grids for identifying an area anywhere on the Earth. [1] It was developed at Google's Zürich engineering office, [2] and released late October 2014. [3] Location codes created by the OLC system are referred to as "plus codes".
The World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF) is a geocode, a grid-based method of specifying locations on the surface of the Earth.GEOREF is essentially based on the geographic system of latitude and longitude, but using a simpler and more flexible notation.
For example, converting the official country name Afghanistan into an ISO country code, AF. In annotating media and metadata , the conversion using a map and the geographical evidence (e.g. GPS), is the most usual approach to obtain toponym, or a geocode that represents the toponym.