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A pedicure in progress Street pedicure in Bamako. A pedicure is a cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails, analogous to a manicure. During a pedicure, dead skin cells are rubbed off the bottom of the feet using a rough stone (often a pumice stone). Skincare is often provided up to the knee, including granular exfoliation, moisturizing, and ...
In ancient Egypt, from 5000 to 3000 BC, women would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and seductiveness. Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades. In Babylonia, 3200 BC, men, not women, painted their nails with black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic. [1]
Cobb opened her first Manhattan manicure salon in 1878 as "Mrs. Pray's Manicure". The Salon was an extension of her husband's manufacturing business. Over time Cobb developed a savvy business manner and focused on a higher-end market that evolved into operations at two townhouses on West 23rd street in New York and branches in Chicago, Washington, Boston and Philadelphia. [3]
In Europe, Frederick S. N. Douglas, while traveling in Greece in 1810–1812, noticed that the Greek women used to paint their nails "dingy pink", which he understood as an ancient custom. [6] Early nail polish formulas were created using basic ingredients such as lavender oil, carmine, oxide tin, and bergamot oil.
The history of cosmetics spans at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on earth. Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments ( red ochre ) including crayons associated with the emergence of Homo sapiens in ...
Cosmetology (from Greek κοσμητικός, kosmētikos, "beautifying"; [1] and -λογία, -logia) is the study and application of beauty treatment.Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non-permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring, and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and intense pulsed light (IPL).
Ped- conveys multiple meanings, from different Latin and Ancient Greek root words: 'Relating to feet', in words (e.g. pedestrian, pedicure) derived from Latin pes, genitive pedis, 'foot', from the Proto-Indo-European stem *ped-with the same meaning.
Cosmetics, first used in ancient Rome for ritual purposes, [1] were part of daily life. Some fashionable cosmetics, such as those imported from Germany, Gaul and China, were so expensive that the Lex Oppia tried to limit their use in 189 BCE. [2] These "designer brands" spawned cheap knock-offs that were sold to poorer women. [3]