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Perlia's nucleus, also known as nucleus of Perlia and abbreviated as NP, is a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the mesencephalon, a subdivision of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus [1] [2] situated between the right and left oculomotor nuclei. It is implicated in parasympathetic oculomotor functions, possibly including input to the iris and ciliary.
The Edinger–Westphal nucleus refers to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral septal nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area and the central nucleus of the amygdala, among other regions.
The subparabrachial nucleus (also known as the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, or diffuse reticular nucleus) regulates the breathing rate. It receives signals from the caudal , cardio-respiratory part of the solitary nucleus and sends signals to the lower medulla oblongata , the spinal cord , the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamus .
The spinal trigeminal nucleus is further subdivided into three parts, from rostral to caudal: Pars oralis (from the Pons to the Hypoglossal nucleus) Pars interpolaris (from the Hypoglossal nucleus to the obex) Pars caudalis (from the obex to C2) There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the principal sensory nucleus.
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature from the trunk and extremities. Facial nucleus & facial Nerve (CN.VII) (1) Ipsilateral paralysis of the upper and lower face (lower motor neuron lesion). (2) Ipsilateral loss of lacrimation and reduced salivation. (3) Ipsilateral loss of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
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A rhinolith usually forms around the nucleus of a small exogenous foreign body, blood clot or secretion by slow deposition of calcium and magnesium carbonate and phosphate salts. Over time, they grow into large irregular masses that fill the nasal cavity. They may cause pressure necrosis of the nasal septum or lateral wall of nose.