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The cathode supplies electrons to the positively charged cations which flow to it from the electrolyte (even if the cell is galvanic, i.e., when the cathode is positive and therefore would be expected to repel the positively charged cations; this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode ...
Michael Faraday defined the cathode of a cell as the electrode to which cations (positively charged ions, such as silver ions Ag +) flow within the cell, to be reduced by reacting with electrons (negatively charged) from that electrode. Likewise, he defined the anode as the electrode to which anions (negatively charged ions, like chloride ions ...
In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction takes place, with electrons (e −) from the cathode being given to hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas. At the positively charged anode, an oxidation reaction occurs, generating oxygen gas and giving electrons to the anode to complete the circuit.
The positively charged species (e.g., sodium) in the D stream migrate toward the negatively charged cathode and pass through the negatively charged cation-exchange membrane. These cations also stay in the C stream, prevented from further migration toward the cathode by the positively charged anion-exchange membrane. [ 8 ]
The direction of conventional current (the flow of positive charges) in a circuit is opposite to the direction of electron flow, so (negatively charged) electrons flow from the anode of a galvanic cell, into an outside or external circuit connected to the cell. For example, the end of a household battery marked with a "+" is the cathode (while ...
The ion-selective membrane (B) allows the counterion Na+ to freely flow across, but prevents anions such as hydroxide (OH −) and chloride from diffusing across. At the cathode (C), water is reduced to hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The net process is the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of NaCl into industrially useful products sodium ...
The positively charged sodium ions Na + will react toward the cathode, neutralizing the negative charge of OH − there, and the negatively charged hydroxide ions OH − will react toward the anode, neutralizing the positive charge of Na + there.
At the cathode, another catalyst causes hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to react, forming water. [citation needed] electrolyte Allows positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) to move between the two sides of the fuel cell. [citation needed] A related technology are flow batteries, in which the fuel can be regenerated by recharging.