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fmnh 2 + nad(p)+ fmn + nad(p)h + h + The 3 substrates of this enzyme are FMNH2 , NAD + , and NADP + , whereas its 4 products are FMN , NADH , NADPH , and H + . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases , specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.
FMNH 2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH 2 to an Fe–S cluster , from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical ( semiquinone ) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP + is the ...
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NADPH first transfers a hydride equivalent to FAD, creating FADH −, and then NADP + dissociates from the enzyme. Reduced PHBH then reacts with molecular oxygen to form the flavin-C(4a)-hydroperoxide. The flavin hydroperoxide quickly hydroxylates pOHB, and then eliminates water to regenerate oxidized flavin. [23]
NADP is a reducing agent in anabolic reactions like the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses. NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form. NADP is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), but NADP has a phosphate group at the C-2′ position of the adenosyl
The process occurs with astonishingly high efficiency. Electrons are removed from excited chlorophyll molecules and transferred through a series of intermediate carriers to ferredoxin, a water-soluble electron carrier. As in PSII, this is a solid-state process that operates with 100% efficiency.
This redox reaction is a transfer of hydride equivalents from NADH to NADP + coupled to a translocation of protons across a membrane. NADP + is reduced to NADPH by NADH, which is oxidized into NAD +. This reduction is tied to the inward translocation of protons across a membrane. [2] This process is not necessarily coupled, but is found coupled ...