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Amygdalohippocampectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of epilepsy.It consists of the removal of the hippocampus, which has a role in memory, spatial awareness, and navigation, [1] and the amygdalae, which have a role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, [2] both structures forming part of the limbic system of the brain.
The results indicate that neurogenesis in the hippocampus is important for memory and proper hippocampal functionality. [2] Therefore, if radiation therapy inhibits neurogenesis in the hippocampus it would lead to the cognitive decline observed in patients who have received this radiation therapy.
In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; [6] short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation , encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Damage to any part of this system, including the hippocampus and surrounding cortices, results in amnesic syndromes. [1] This is why after a stroke people have a chance of developing cognitive deficits that result in anterograde amnesia, since strokes can involve the temporal lobe in the temporal cortex, and the temporal cortex houses the ...
Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common brain abnormality in those with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16] Hippocampal sclerosis may occur in children under 2 years of age with 1 instance seen as early as 6 months. [17] About 70% of those evaluated for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have hippocampal sclerosis.
As for how exercise helps the brain, researchers hypothesize that it increases hippocampal volume, meaning it makes the part of your brain that deals with memory, learning, and decision making bigger.
The hippocampus is responsible for encoding new memory. Episodic memory is more likely to be affected than semantic memory. The damage is usually caused by head trauma, cerebrovascular accident, stroke, tumor, hypoxia, encephalitis, or chronic alcoholism. People with retrograde amnesia are more likely to remember general knowledge rather than ...
Speech therapy, occupational therapy, etc. can help recovery. About 90% of people experience an improvement in seizures after temporal lobectomy. In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, NAA (N-acetyl aspartate) has reduced concentration in epileptogenic hippocampus and contralateral hippocampus. In post-operative seizure free patients, NAA levels ...