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People affected by anxiety and depression are believed (at least in part) to have altered levels of serotonin. ... GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter — its job is to decrease activity in the ...
Other studies with α2 knockout mice have displayed increased anxiety and depression-like symptoms in conflict-based feeding tests. The fact that anxiety and depression are often linked seems to indicate that the α2 subunit might be a valid target for a GABA A antidepressant. [3]
The binding of alprazolam to the GABA A receptor, a chloride ion channel, enhances the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter. When GABA binds the GABA A receptor the channel opens and chloride enters the cell which makes it more resistant to depolarisation. Therefore, alprazolam has a depressant effect on synaptic transmission to reduce anxiety.
The mechanism behind this action is unclear however, [11] with some researchers suggesting that FQs may act as low-affinity GABA-A antagonists, [12] and others positing that its interactions with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which have been associated with fear, anxiety, and depression, may be responsible for the anxiogenic effects. [13]
As Americans are increasingly reaching for pharmaceutical solutions for depression—about one in eight U.S. adults takes antidepressants—scientists have been innovating novel treatments for it.
Other GABA A receptor PAMs, such as benzodiazepines, are not thought of as antidepressants and have no proven efficacy, [54] although alprazolam has historically been prescribed for depression. [55] [56] Neurosteroid GABA A receptor PAMs are known to interact with GABA A receptors and subpopulations differently than benzodiazepines. [54] GABA A ...
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