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The simple MO diagram of H 2 O is shown on the right. [2] [3] Following simple symmetry treatments, the 1s orbitals of hydrogen atom are premixed as a 1 and b 1. Orbitals of same symmetry and similar energy levels can then be mixed to form a new set of molecular orbitals with bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding characteristics. In the simple ...
The oxygen atom also has two lone pairs of electrons. One effect usually ascribed to the lone pairs is that the H–O–H gas-phase bend angle is 104.48°, [58] which is smaller than the typical tetrahedral angle of 109.47°. The lone pairs are closer to the oxygen atom than the electrons sigma bonded to the hydrogens, so they require more ...
Added orbital diagrams for molecular orbitals. 16:49, 21 May 2015: 2,020 × 1,070 (138 KB) Officer781: 2pz MO in wrong orientation relative to the other orbitals per the LCAO notation. 16:40, 21 May 2015: 2,020 × 1,070 (138 KB) Officer781: Moved 2s orbital higher in energy as that MO has more hydrogen admixture.
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. [21] In liquid form, H 2 O is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure . Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point , water exists on Earth as a solid , a liquid , and a gas . [ 22 ]
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For a diatomic molecule, an MO diagram effectively shows the energetics of the bond between the two atoms, whose AO unbonded energies are shown on the sides. For simple polyatomic molecules with a "central atom" such as methane (CH 4) or carbon dioxide (CO 2), a MO diagram may show one of the identical bonds to the central atom. For other ...
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