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At the village level, Panchayat Raj institutions are commonly referred to as gram panchayats in most states. These gram panchayats or village panchayats are responsible for the administration and governance of rural areas at the grassroots level. The block or tehsil level Panchayat Raj institutions are known by different names in different states.
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban [1] and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat.
The Councillors or Ward Members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in the Nagar Panchayats. Town boards are also known by different names depending on the region, including: Nagar Panchayat, Taluk Panchayat, Municipal Board, Town Panchayat, and Pura Panchayat. Certain states lack Town Panchayats or equivalent urban local bodies.
On 24 April 1993, the Constitutional (73rd amendment) Act of 1992 came into force in India to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. This amendment was extended to Panchayats in the tribal areas of eight states, namely: Andhra Pradesh , Gujarat , Himachal Pradesh , Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Odisha , and Rajasthan ...
Section 3 of Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act, and Sections 3,4, and 341A of Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 create the following categories of urban areas based on their population.
Maharashtra has 29 Municipal Corporations, 232 Municipal councils and 125 Nagar Panchayats.. These urban local bodies are governed by Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act, 1949, [1] Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888 [2] and The Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965.
Rajasthan has 13 Municipal Corporations, 36 Municipal Councils and 169 Municipal Boards or Nagar Pachayats. Thus Rajasthan has a total 218 Municipalities or Urban Local Bodies(ULBs). [1] The Rajasthan Municipalities Act, 2009 governs the administration of all the urban local bodies in the state. [2]
The 74th constitutional amendment act mandated the setting up and devolution of powers to Urban local bodies (ULBs) or city governments as the lowest unit of governance in cities and towns. This landmark initiative of the Government of India in 1993 was built upon the premise that all ‘power’ in a democracy rightfully belongs to ‘the ...