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A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. [1] [2] [3] Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes.
Several databases exist for restriction sites and enzymes, of which the largest noncommercial database is REBASE. [5] [6] Recently, it has been shown that statistically significant nullomers (i.e. short absent motifs which are highly expected to exist) in virus genomes are restriction sites indicating that viruses have probably got rid of these motifs to facilitate invasion of bacterial hosts. [7]
A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a special type of biological macromolecule that functions as part of the "immune system" in bacteria.One special kind of restriction enzymes is the class of "homing endonucleases", these being present in all three domains of life, although their function seems to be very different from one domain to another.
Cut: Displays the cut site and pattern and products of the cut. The recognition sequence and the cut site usually match, but sometimes the cut site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site. [5] [6] Isoschizomers and neoschizomers: An isoschizomer is a restriction enzyme that recognizes the
This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bsa to Bso inclusive. It contains approximately 90 enzymes. The following information is given: Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature [1] [2], and bibliographical references.
This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with E to F inclusive. It contains approximately 110 enzymes. The following information is given: Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature [1] [2], and bibliographical references.
A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA.Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes.In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA.
The restriction enzymes may require a minimum number of base pairs between the restriction site and the end of the DNA for the enzyme to work efficiently. [2] This number may vary between enzymes, but for most commonly used restriction enzymes around 6–10 base pair is sufficient.