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Xylocarpus is a genus of plants in the mahogany family Meliaceae.It contains 3 described species, all of which are mangroves. [1] [2] The native range of the genus is the coasts of the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean. [3]
Mangroves in general are under threat from coastal development and from harvesting, and another threat is global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels. Xylocarpus granatum is a common species of mangrove with a very wide range, and it is probably not declining at a sufficient fast rate to be included in any threatened category.
The nature of these deposits depends on the environment and the types of mangroves involved. Termites process fallen leaf litter, root systems and wood from mangroves into peat to build their nests. [35] Termites stabilise the chemistry of this peat and represent approximately 2% of above ground carbon storage in mangroves. [35]
These wood structures keep the xylem sap in high tension to absorb water, resulting in a high sodium chloride concentration and high osmatic potential. [9] Terrestrial species in Rhizophoreae could not survive in the intertidal zone because the osmatic potential in the sea water would be much higher than that in the xylem sap of the tree ...
Rhizophoraceae: mangrove family; Rhizophora: true mangroves; Rhizophora apiculata: bakau minyak Rhizophoraceae (mangrove family) Rhizophora mangle: red mangrove Rhizophoraceae (mangrove family) 989 Rosaceae: rose family; Amelanchier: serviceberries (juneberries or shadbushes) Amelanchier alnifolia: saskatoon Rosaceae (rose family) Amelanchier ...
In Borneo, S. alba is used as firewood. In Sulawesi, the wood is used in the construction of houses and ships. [4] In Malaysia and Indonesia, the sour fruits are used to flavor fish, and are sometimes eaten raw.
Many terrestrial insects visit mangroves including herbivores, parasites and predators. Beside the generalist insects, each species of mangrove has its own associated leaf feeders and wood borers. [7] A large number of species of marine fungi are found growing in mangrove swamps where Bruguiera cylindrica is one of a number of species colonised ...
Through stabilization of their surroundings, mangroves create a community for other plants and animals (such as mangrove crabs). Though rooted in soil, mangrove roots are often submerged in water for several hours or on a permanent basis. The roots are usually sunk in a sand or clay base, which allows for some protection from the waves.