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The 6.8 mm generates around 2,385 J (1,759 ft⋅lbf) of muzzle energy with a 7.5-gram (115 gr) bullet. In comparison, the 5.56×45mm round (which the 6.8 is designed to replace) generates around 1,796 J (1,325 ft⋅lbf) with a 4.0 g (62 gr) bullet, giving the 6.8 mm a terminal ballistic advantage over the 5.56 mm of 588 J (434 ft⋅lbf).
The XM1186 is the general-purpose 6.8 mm round, with other versions including reduced range rounds so weapons chambered in 6.8 mm can fire on existing ranges designed for the 5.56 mm, marking rounds for force-on-force shooting, and blank and tracer rounds. [26]
A popular 7 mm hunting caliber bullet is actually .283 in diameter (7.2 mm), but wildcat cartridges using this caliber bullet in a 5.56 x 45 case have so far not been successful. There is an existing and well-developed use of hunting-rifle bullets in the .277 caliber (6.8 mm), introduced by Winchester as the 270 in 1925.
The XM7, previously known as the XM5, is the U.S. Army variant of the SIG MCX Spear, a 6.8×51mm (.277 in), gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle [1] designed by SIG Sauer for the Next Generation Squad Weapon program in 2022 to replace the M4 carbine.
The .308 Winchester is measured across the grooves and uses a .308-in diameter (7.82-mm) bullet; the military-specification version is known as 7.62 × 51 mm NATO, so called because the bore diameter measured between the lands is 7.62 mm, and the cartridge has a case 51 mm long. [5]
77.70 mm (3.059 in) 6.5×55mm [35] [38] [36] 80.00 mm (3.150 in) .25-06 Remington [39] 82.60 mm (3.252 in) 7mm Remington Magnum [40] 84.00 mm (3.307 in) .270 Winchester [39] 84.80 mm (3.339 in) .300 Winchester Magnum [41] [42] [43] 85.00 mm (3.346 in) .30-06 Springfield [44] 85.00 mm (3.346 in) .26 Nosler: 85.00 mm (3.346 in) .28 Nosler
The 7.62 mm cartridge was too heavy and the 5.56 mm cartridge could not provide effective performance at that range. Research led to the development of the 6×45mm SAW cartridge. Its 105 gr (6.8 g) bullet had a muzzle velocity of 2,520 feet per second (770 m/s) and muzzle energy of 1,488 ft⋅lb (2,017 J).
Cartridge, Caliber 5.56 mm Ball, Enhanced 5.56 mm Carbine, MK318 MOD 0: 5.56×45mm 62-grain Open-Tipped Match Boat-Tail cartridge. Optimized for use with 14-inch barreled weapons like the M4A1 Carbine and MK16 SCAR and designed to penetrate light barriers like windshields or car doors with no loss of accuracy or damage.