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Hence by following the hydrogen ion concentration during a titration of a mixture of M and HL with base, and knowing the acid dissociation constant of HL, the stability constant for the formation of ML could be determined. Bjerrum went on to determine the stability constants for systems in which many complexes may be formed.
In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...
This is about 14 times greater than the field strength for the 1.5-metre gap. The phenomenon is well verified experimentally and is referred to as the Paschen minimum. The equation loses accuracy for gaps under about 10 μm in air at one atmosphere [ 9 ] and incorrectly predicts an infinite arc voltage at a gap of about 2.7 μm.
Some of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water or solid to produce iron or metal sulfides, which are not water-soluble. These metal sulfides, such as iron(II) sulfide, are often black or brown, leading to the color of sludge. Pyrrhotite is a waste product of the Desulfovibrio bacteria, a sulfate reducing bacteria.
Iron(II) fluoride or ferrous fluoride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula FeF 2. It forms a tetrahydrate FeF 2 ·4H 2 O that is often referred to by the same names. The anhydrous and hydrated forms are white crystalline solids.
HSAB is an acronym for "hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases".HSAB is widely used in chemistry for explaining the stability of compounds, reaction mechanisms and pathways. It assigns the terms 'hard' or 'soft', and 'acid' or 'base' to chemical species.
Thus, the aquo ion is a weak acid, of comparable strength to acetic acid (pK a of about 4.8). This pK a is typical of the trivalent ions. The influence of the electronic configuration on acidity is shown by the fact that [Ru(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ ( p K a = 2.7 ) is more acidic than [Rh(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ ( p K a = 4 ), despite the fact that Rh(III) is ...
For very low values of the ionic strength the value of the denominator in the expression above becomes nearly equal to one. In this situation the mean activity coefficient is proportional to the square root of the ionic strength. This is known as the Debye–Hückel limiting law. In this limit the equation is given as follows [14]: section 2.5.2