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According to perceptual symbol systems theory, bottom-up patterns of activation within sensory-motor areas become associated during perception, and thus become perceptually-based symbols. Barsalou suggests that attentional mechanisms then bind these diverse perceptual components into stable networks of associations, termed simulators, which are ...
The five symbols are a hollow circle, a plus sign, three vertical wavy lines, a hollow square, and a hollow five-pointed star. [ 3 ] : 115 [ 4 ] In a test for ESP, the experimenter picks up a card in a shuffled pack, observes the symbol, and records the answer of the person being tested, who would guess which of the five designs is on the card.
Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision. In Gestalt psychology it is known as identifying a figure from the background. For example, black words on a printed paper are seen as the "figure", and the white sheet as the "background". [1]
Subjective constancy or perceptual constancy is the perception of an object or quality as constant even though our sensation of the object changes. [1] While the physical characteristics of an object may not change, in an attempt to deal with the external world, the human perceptual system has mechanisms that adjust to the stimulus.
Common coding theory is a cognitive psychology theory describing how perceptual representations (e.g. of things we can see and hear) and motor representations (e.g. of hand actions) are linked. The theory claims that there is a shared representation (a common code) for both perception and action.
However the perception is different: On the left side, the difference between upper and lower square is clearly visible. On the right side, the two squares look almost the same. The Weber–Fechner laws are two related scientific laws in the field of psychophysics , known as Weber's law and Fechner's law .
The mirror symbol hypothesis posits that symbols emerge (initially formalised in terms of Lawrence W. Barsalou's perceptual symbols, and later as statements in an implementable language [2]) may function in a similar way to facilitate empathy. There exist symbols (e.g. for grasping) that apply both in the act and in the passive observation thereof.
Another example is the sentence "Debby donated a big amount of money to Greenpeace, an organisation which protects the environment", which contains the propositions "Debby donated money to Greenpeace", "The amount of money was big" and "Greenpeace protects the environment". If one or more of the propositions is false, the whole sentence is false.