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The Amu Darya (/ ˌ ɑː m uː ˈ d ɑːr j ə / AH-moo DAR-yə), [a] (Persian: آمو دریا) also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus (/ ˈ ɒ k s ə s / OK-səss), [2] [b] is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan.
' Land beyond the Oxus ', now called the Amu Darya) is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.
Amyderýa Nature Reserve (Turkmen: Amyderýa goraghanasy) is a nature reserve of north-eastern Turkmenistan.. Established in 1982 to protect part of the Amu Darya River, it is located in the north-east of Lebap Province and covers an area of 495 km 2.
The Aral Sea in central Asia used to be one of the world's largest lakes. NASA explains, "In the 1960s, the Soviet Union undertook a major water diversion project on the arid plains of Kazakhstan ...
The river contributes about 25% of the total flow of the Amu Darya, its parent river. Its average discharge is 538 m 3 /s, with an annual discharge of 20.0 km 3 . However, since the Vakhsh is fed mostly by melting snow and glaciers , these flow rates have great seasonal variability between winter and summer.
Aral-Paygambar (Uzbek: Payg'ambar Orol; Russian: Арал-Пайгамбар), which means the island of the prophet, is an island on the Amu Darya river which separates Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. The nature reserve was created in 1960 on the island of Aral-Paygambar on the Amu Darya river near Termez.
Bridge over Garagum River in Turkmenistan. The current Karakum Canal was not the first major attempt to bring the Amu-Darya water to the Karakums. In the early 1950s, construction began on the Main Turkmen Canal (Russian: Главный Туркменский канал), which would start at a much more northerly location (near Nukus), and run southwest toward Krasnovodsk.
Though it may be called the "Oxus civilization", apparently centred on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus River) in Bactria, most of the BMAC's urban sites are actually located in Margiana (modern Turkmenistan) on the Murghab river delta, and in the Kopet Dagh mountain range.