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  2. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    From the multiplication tables, the square root of the mantissa must be 8 point something because a is between 8×8 = 64 and 9×9 = 81, so k is 8; something is the decimal representation of R. The fraction R is 75 − k 2 = 11, the numerator, and 81 − k 2 = 17, the denominator. 11/17 is a little less than 12/18 = 2/3 = .67, so guess .66 (it's ...

  3. Critical mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_mass

    So long as other loss mechanisms are not significant, then, the radius of a spherical critical mass is rather roughly given by the product of the mean free path and the square root of one plus the number of scattering events per fission event (call this s), since the net distance travelled in a random walk is proportional to the square root of ...

  4. Packing problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packing_problems

    Packing circles in a square - closely related to spreading points in a unit square with the objective of finding the greatest minimal separation, d n, between points. To convert between these two formulations of the problem, the square side for unit circles will be L = 2 + 2 / d n {\displaystyle L=2+2/d_{n}} .

  5. Close-packing of equal spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres

    The first sphere of this row only touches one sphere in the original row, but its location follows suit with the rest of the row. The next row follows this pattern of shifting the x-coordinate by r and the y-coordinate by √ 3. Add rows until reaching the x and y maximum borders of the box.

  6. Sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere

    A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) [1] is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle.Formally, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. [2]

  7. Characteristic length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_length

    In physics, a characteristic length is an important dimension that defines the scale of a physical system. Often, such a length is used as an input to a formula in order to predict some characteristics of the system, and it is usually required by the construction of a dimensionless quantity, in the general framework of dimensional analysis and in particular applications such as fluid mechanics.

  8. Square degree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_degree

    It would take 210 100 times the full moon (or the Sun) to cover the entire celestial sphere. Conversely, an average full moon (or the Sun) covers a 2 / 210 100 fraction, or less than 1/1000 of a percent ( 0.000 009 523 81 ) of the celestial hemisphere, or above-the-horizon sky.

  9. Kissing number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissing_number

    [7] [8] Previously, the answer was thought to be either 24 or 25: it is straightforward to produce a packing of 24 spheres around a central sphere (one can place the spheres at the vertices of a suitably scaled 24-cell centered at the origin), but, as in the three-dimensional case, there is a lot of space left over — even more, in fact, than ...