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Soviet Mars 3, which landed in 1971, was the first successful Mars landing, though the spacecraft failed after 110 seconds on the surface. All other Soviet Mars landing attempts failed. [2] Viking 1 and Viking 2 were first successful NASA landers, launched in 1975.
Spacecraft failure First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
The landing was delayed until a safer site was found, [9] and took place instead on July 20, [8] the seventh anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. [10] The lander separated from the orbiter at 08:51 UTC and landed at Chryse Planitia at 11:53:06 UTC. [11] It was the first attempt by the United States at landing on Mars. [12]
Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4] [5] 3. Mars 96: Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failure [11] 4. Deep Space 2: Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 2.4 Failure [14] [15] 5. Sojourner: Rover Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 11.5 Success [12] [13] 6. Mars helicopter Ingenuity: UAV Helicopter: Mars 2020 Perseverance rover: 30 Jul 2021 1.8 ...
On 2 December 1971, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing, but its transmission was interrupted after 14.5 seconds. [47] The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters sent back a relatively large volume of data covering the period from December 1971 to March 1972, although transmissions continued through to August.
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing. Mars 3 lander: USSR: 2 December 1971: First soft landing on Mars. Transmission began about 90 seconds after landing. [4] Transmitted a partial image for 14.5 seconds before the signal was lost. [5] Mars 6 lander: USSR: 12 March 1974
Inserts depict observation and analysis to find a safe landing site. A number of uncrewed spacecraft have landed on the surface of Mars, while some, such as Beagle2 (2003) and the Schiaparelli EDM (2016), have failed what is considered a difficult landing. Among the successes: Mars 3 – 1971; Viking 1 and Viking 2 – 1976