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  2. Sample (material) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(material)

    The material may be solid, liquid, gas, a material of some intermediate characteristics such as gel or sputum, tissue, organism, or a combination of these.Even if a material sample is not countable as individual items, the quantity of the sample may still be describable in terms of its volume, mass, size, or other such dimensions.

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    Simple illustration of particles in the solid state – they are closely packed to each other. In a solid, constituent particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) are closely packed together. The forces between particles are so strong that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a ...

  4. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Solid: A solid holds a definite shape and volume without the need of a container. The particles are held very close to each other. Amorphous solid: A solid in which there is no far-range order of the positions of the atoms. Crystalline solid: A solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in regular order.

  5. Ash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash

    Ash is the solid remnants of fires. [1] Specifically, ash refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns.In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash is the non-gaseous, non-liquid residue after complete combustion.

  6. Solid solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solution

    The IUPAC definition of a solid solution is a "solid in which components are compatible and form a unique phase". [3]The definition "crystal containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal" given in refs., [4] [5] is not general and, thus, is not recommended.

  7. Chemical substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_substance

    Colors of a single chemical in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent environmentIn addition to the generic definition offered above, there are several niche fields where the term "chemical substance" may take alternate usages that are widely accepted, some of which are outlined in the sections below.

  8. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

  9. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    The broader meaning is just quark matter that contains three flavors of quarks: up, down, and strange. In this definition, there is a critical pressure and an associated critical density, and when nuclear matter (made of protons and neutrons ) is compressed beyond this density, the protons and neutrons dissociate into quarks, yielding quark ...