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REST (Representational State Transfer) is a software architectural style that was created to guide the design and development of the architecture for the World Wide Web. REST defines a set of constraints for how the architecture of a distributed, Internet-scale hypermedia system, such as the Web, should behave.
Instead, the client is given a set of entry points and the API is discovered dynamically through interaction with these endpoints. HATEOAS was introduced in Roy Fielding's doctoral thesis Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. HATEOAS is one of the key elements distinguishing REST from RPC mechanisms. [3]
A Web API is a development in Web services where emphasis has been moving to simpler representational state transfer (REST) based communications. [2] Restful APIs do not require XML-based Web service protocols ( SOAP and WSDL) to support their interfaces.
An example of a popular web API is the Astronomy Picture of the Day API operated by the American space agency NASA. It is a server-side API used to retrieve photographs of space or other images of interest to astronomers, and metadata about the images. According to the API documentation, [15] the API has one endpoint:
One purpose of APIs is to hide the internal details of how a system works, exposing only those parts a programmer will find useful and keeping them consistent even if the internal details later change. An API may be custom-built for a particular pair of systems, or it may be a shared standard allowing interoperability among many systems.
JSR-110: Java APIs for WSDL; JSR 172: Java ME Web Services Specification; Online WSDL Validator; WSDL Java Bindings Archived 2009-04-11 at the Wayback Machine for XMLBeans and JAXB. RELAX-WS: Simple web service definition language based on RELAX NG Compact Syntax; Kevin Liu. A Look at WSDL 2.0. Date accessed: 20 April 2010.
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The Web Application Description Language (WADL) is a machine-readable XML description of HTTP-based web services. [1] WADL models the resources provided by a service and the relationships between them. [1]