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The most basic is the difference between tú (vos in areas with voseo) and usted: tú or vos is the "familiar" form, and usted, derived from the third-person form "your grace" (vuestra merced), is the "polite" form. The appropriate usage of those forms is fundamental to interpersonal communication.
Elle (Spanish pronunciation:, or less commonly plural: elles) is a proposed non-normative personal pronoun [1] [2] in Spanish intended as a grammatically ungendered alternative to the third-person gender-specific pronouns él ("he"), ella ("she") and ello ("it").
When que is used as the object of a preposition, the definite article is added to it, and the resulting form (el que) inflects for number and gender, resulting in the forms el que, la que, los que, las que and the neuter lo que. Unlike in English, the preposition must go right before the relative pronoun "which" or "whom":
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
Yo fui el que me lo bebí = "I was the one who drank it" (agreement with subject of main sentence) Yo fui el que se lo bebió (preferred form with same meaning, agreement with el que) La que lo sé soy yo = "I am the one who knows" (agreement with subject of main sentence) La que lo sabe soy yo = (preferred form with same meaning, agreement ...
El chico está aburrido uses estar to express a temporary state of mind ("The boy is bored"). The same strategy is used with many adjectives to express either an inherent trait (ser) or a transitory state or condition (estar). For example: "María es guapa" uses ser to express an essential trait, meaning "María is a good-looking person."
Ser is used when stating the stage of life at which a person is. The old, the young, etc. are seen as groups that one can belong to. It is a question of identity: Él es viejo = "He is old" Él es un viejo = "He is an old man" Cuando ella era niñita = "When she was a little girl" However, age can also be presented not as a matter of identity ...
The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) both exhibit irregularities in the present, imperfect and preterite forms (note that these two verbs have the same preterite fui). Together with ver (to see) and prever (to foresee), they are the only four verbs with irregular imperfect indicative.