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A divan (Turkish divan, Hindi deevaan originally from Kurdish [1] devan) is a piece of couch-like sitting furniture or, in some regions, a box-spring-based bed. Primarily, in the Middle East (especially the Ottoman Empire ), a divan was a long seat formed of a mattress laid against the side of the room, upon the floor, or a raised structure or ...
The Imperial Council or Imperial Divan (Ottoman Turkish: ديوان همايون, romanized: Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn), was the de facto cabinet of the Ottoman Empire for most of its history. Initially an informal gathering of the senior ministers presided over by the Sultan in person, in the mid-15th century the Council's composition and function ...
While her headdress illustrates popular styles in Ottoman women's headwear at the time, her clothing remains very similar to European-style clothing. This was a popular way to depict women, specifically sultanas. [2] Many factors contributed to changes in Ottoman women's garments, including the cost of materials and firmans, or
The first dīwān was created under Caliph Umar (r. 634–644 CE) in 15 A.H. (636/7 CE) or, more likely, 20 A.H. (641 CE). It comprised the names of the warriors of Medina who participated in the Muslim conquests and their families, and was intended to facilitate the payment of salary (ʿaṭāʾ, in coin or in rations) to them, according to their service and their relationship to Muhammad.
Hinged seats also began to appear, so that the space inside the ottoman could be used to store items. The ottoman footstool, a closely allied piece of furniture, was an upholstered footstool on four legs, which could also be used as a fireside seat, the seat covered with carpet, embroidery, or beadwork. By the 20th century, the word ottoman ...
Early Ottoman architecture corresponds to the period of Ottoman architecture roughly up to the 15th century. [1] [2] This article covers the history of Ottoman architecture up to the end of Bayezid II's reign (r. 1447–1512), prior to the advent of what is generally considered "classical" Ottoman architecture in the 16th century.