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The brain is very complex, and is composed of many different areas and types of tissue, or matter. The different functions of different tissues in the brain may be more or less susceptible to age-induced changes. [6] The brain matter can be broadly classified as either grey matter, or white matter.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical structures, resulting in gross atrophy of the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. [14]
Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older). [2] [5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes. [4] ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. [1]
In subcortical dementia, there is targeted damage to regions lying under the cortex. The pathological process that result in subcortical dementia shows neuronal changes that involve primarily the thalamus , basal ganglia , and rostral brain-stem nuclei and mostly, some projections in the white matter from these regions to the cortex, with ...
A biological explanation for memory deficits in aging includes a postmortem examination of five brains of elderly people with better memory than average. These people are called the "super aged," and it was found that these individuals had fewer fiber-like tangles of tau protein than in typical elderly brains.
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. [1] CBD symptoms typically begin in people from 50 to 70 years of age, and typical survival before death is eight years.
A normal brain (left) and one with advanced CTE (right) Specialty: Neurology, psychiatry, sports medicine: Symptoms: Behavioral problems, mood problems, problems with thinking [1] Complications: Brain damage, dementia, [2] aggression, depression, suicide [3] Usual onset: Years after initial injuries [2] Causes: Repeated head injuries [1] Risk ...
Epileptic seizures result from abnormal, excessive, or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly 80% of epilepsy occurs in developing countries. Epilepsy becomes more common as people age. Onset of new cases occurs most frequently in infants and the elderly.
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