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Approximate formula for median (from the Wilson–Hilferty transformation) compared with numerical quantile (top); and difference (blue) and relative difference (red) between numerical quantile and approximate formula (bottom). For the chi-squared distribution, only the positive integer numbers of degrees of freedom (circles) are meaningful.
The chi-squared statistic can then be used to calculate a p-value by comparing the value of the statistic to a chi-squared distribution. The number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of cells , minus the reduction in degrees of freedom, . The chi-squared statistic can be also calculated as
A chi-squared test (also chi-square or χ 2 test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large. In simpler terms, this test is primarily used to examine whether two categorical variables ( two dimensions of the contingency table ) are independent in influencing the test statistic ...
In probability theory and statistics, the chi distribution is a continuous probability distribution over the non-negative real line. It is the distribution of the positive square root of a sum of squared independent Gaussian random variables .
In statistics, the reduced chi-square statistic is used extensively in goodness of fit testing. It is also known as mean squared weighted deviation ( MSWD ) in isotopic dating [ 1 ] and variance of unit weight in the context of weighted least squares .
1.1.1 Alternative proof directly using the change of variable formula. ... The chi square distribution for k degrees of freedom will then be given by: = ...
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A generalized chi-square variable or distribution can be parameterized in two ways. The first is in terms of the weights w i {\displaystyle w_{i}} , the degrees of freedom k i {\displaystyle k_{i}} and non-centralities λ i {\displaystyle \lambda _{i}} of the constituent non-central chi-squares, and the coefficients s {\displaystyle s} and m ...