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Jean Piaget constructed the theory of cognitive development, which describes how children represent and reason about the world. [1] [2]Constructivism in education is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction.
According to Ernst von Glasersfeld, Piaget was "the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing". [10] His ideas were widely popularized in the 1960s. [ 11 ] This then led to the emergence of the study of development as a major sub-discipline in psychology. [ 12 ]
In Behavior and Evolution, Piaget said that "behaviour is the motor of evolution". [7] His major publications spanned fifty years from the 1920s to the 1970s. Piaget's approach to constructivism was further developed in neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980).
Further, constructionism holds that learning can happen most effectively when people are active in making tangible objects in the real world. In this sense, constructionism is connected with experiential learning and builds on Jean Piaget's epistemological theory of constructivism. [2]
Founded by Jean Piaget, constructivism emphasizes the importance of the active involvement of learners in constructing knowledge for themselves. Students are thought to use background knowledge and concepts to assist them in their acquisition of novel information.
Cognitive constructivism, stemming from Jean Piaget's theories, sees learning as adding new information to cognitive structures that are already there. Piaget's theory claim that people cognitively develop by passing through several stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. [38] [39]
Constructivist approach teaching methods are based on Constructivist learning theory.Scholars such as Ernst von Glasersfeld trace the origin of this approach to the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, George Berkeley, and Jean Piaget. [1]