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The cross-section of a barley root. Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem, the elongation zone, and the hair. [ 4 ] The root cap of new roots helps the root penetrate the soil. These root caps are sloughed off as the root goes deeper creating a slimy surface that provides lubrication.
Stele (biology) In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem [1] containing the tissues derived from the procambium. These include vascular tissue, in some cases ground tissue (pith) and a pericycle, which, if present, defines the outermost boundary of the stele. Outside the stele lies the endodermis, which is the ...
Chloroplasts in leaf cells of the moss Mnium stellare. Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. [1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. [2] The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly ...
The rhizosphere also provides space to produce allelochemicals to control neighbours and relatives. [6] The rhizoplane refers to the root surface including its associated soil particles which closely interact with each other. [7] The plant-soil feedback loop and other physical factors occurring at the plant-root soil interface are important ...
Such new plants can be grown from shoot cuttings that contain an apical meristem. Root apical meristems are not readily cloned, however. This cloning is called asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction and is widely practiced in horticulture to mass-produce plants of a desirable genotype. This process known as mericloning, has been shown ...
Lateral root. Lateral roots, emerging from the pericycle (meristematic tissue), extend horizontally from the primary root (radicle) and over time makeup the iconic branching pattern of root systems. [1] They contribute to anchoring the plant securely into the soil, increasing water uptake, and facilitate the extraction of nutrients required for ...
Plant stem. This above-ground stem of Polygonum has lost its leaves, but is producing adventitious roots from the nodes. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and ...