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Generally tests of spatial memory employ maze designs where the rodent must run a maze in order to receive a food reward. [44] [45] Learning can be shown when the rodent reduces its average number of errors or wrong turns. Aversive techniques such as the Morris Water Maze can also be used to study spatial memory. The rat is placed in murky ...
Functional brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging , are common in neuroimaging but rarely used in neuroradiology. Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories: Structural imaging, which is used to quantify brain structure using e.g., voxel-based morphometry.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.
There are numerous types of research methods used when conducting neurological research, all with the purpose of trying to view the activity that occurs within the brain during a certain activity or behavior.
Mapping of functional areas and understanding lateralization of language and memory help surgeons avoid removing critical brain regions when they have to operate and remove brain tissue. This is of particular importance in removing tumors and in patients who have intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
Different fNIRS techniques can also use the way in which light propagates to estimate blood volume and oxygenation. The technique is safe, non-invasive, and can be used with other imaging modalities. fNIRS is a non-invasive imaging method involving the quantification of chromophore concentration resolved from the measurement of near infrared ...
All neuroimaging is considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a higher form of neuroimaging, producing brain images supplemented by the result of additional (imaging or non-imaging) data processing or analysis, such as maps projecting (measures of) behavior onto brain regions (see fMRI).
MEG can be used to identify traumatic brain injury, which is particularly common among soldiers exposed to explosions. Such injuries are not easily diagnosed by other methods, as the symptoms (e.g. sleep disturbances, memory problems) overlap with those from frequent co-comorbidities such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). [23]