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Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. [1] Data processing is a form of information processing , which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.
Data preprocessing can refer to manipulation, filtration or augmentation of data before it is analyzed, [1] and is often an important step in the data mining process. Data collection methods are often loosely controlled, resulting in out-of-range values, impossible data combinations, and missing values , amongst other issues.
Data science is an interdisciplinary academic field [1] that uses statistics, scientific computing, scientific methods, processing, scientific visualization, algorithms and systems to extract or extrapolate knowledge and insights from potentially noisy, structured, or unstructured data.
Around the 1970s/1980s the term information engineering methodology (IEM) was created to describe database design and the use of software for data analysis and processing. [3] [4] These techniques were intended to be used by database administrators (DBAs) and by systems analysts based upon an understanding of the operational processing needs of organizations for the 1980s.
Data should be consistent between different but related data records (e.g. the same individual might have different birthdates in different records or datasets). Where possible and economic, data should be verified against an authoritative source (e.g. business information is referenced against a D&B database to ensure accuracy). [3] [4]
This trend obscures the raw data processing and renders interpretation implicit. The distinction between data and derived value is illustrated by the information ladder. However, data has staged a comeback with the popularisation of the term big data, which refers to the collection and analyses of massive sets of data. While big data is a ...
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data may also be collected from sensors in the environment, including traffic cameras, satellites, recording devices, etc.
Electronic data processing (EDP) or business information processing can refer to the use of automated methods to process commercial data. Typically, this uses ...