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Simplified cross section of a planar NPN bipolar junction transistor. BJTs consists of three differently doped semiconductor regions: the emitter region, the base region and the collector region. These regions are, respectively, p type, n type and p type in a PNP transistor, and n type, p type and n type in an NPN transistor.
NAND and NOR DTL logic circuits as used on IBM 608 cards. The PNP and NPN transistor symbols are those used by IBM. [1]Up until 1952, IBM manufactured transistors by modifying off-the-shelf germanium diodes, after which they had their own alloy-junction transistor manufacturing plant at Poughkeepsie.
Convenient mnemonic to remember the type of transistor (represented by an electrical symbol) involves the direction of the arrow. For the BJT, on an n–p–n transistor symbol, the arrow will "Not Point iN". On a p–n–p transistor symbol, the arrow "Points iN Proudly". However, this does not apply to MOSFET-based transistor symbols as the ...
In practice V CC and V EE then refer to the positive and negative supply lines respectively in common NPN circuits. [citation needed] Note that V CC would be negative, and V EE would be positive in equivalent PNP circuits. The V BB specifies reference bias supply voltage in ECL logic. [d]
Darlington Transistor (NPN-type) In electronics, a Darlington configuration (commonly called as a Darlington pair) is a circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors with the emitter of one transistor connected to the base of the other, such that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. [1]
Common circuit diagram symbols (US ANSI symbols) An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may ...
Figure 1: Basic NPN common collector circuit (neglecting biasing details).. In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.
The circuit symbol is also shown. A p–n junction is a combination of two types of semiconductor materials , p-type and n-type , in a single crystal . The "n" (negative) side contains freely-moving electrons , while the "p" (positive) side contains freely-moving electron holes .