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Feline diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in cats whereby either insufficient insulin response or insulin resistance leads to persistently high blood glucose concentrations. Diabetes affects up to 1 in 230 cats, [1] and may be becoming increasingly common. Diabetes is less common in cats than in dogs.
Studies have found the prevalence of heightened IGF-1 levels in cats with diabetes mellitus to range between 17.8% 27.3%. [5] [1] According to Claudia Reusch, a professor at the University of Zurich, the prevalence of hypersomatotropism in diabetic cats is 10-15%, in cases that are hard to regulate it rises to 30% or higher. [1]
It may resolve with treatment of the diabetes. [8] The pathology of this condition in cats has been shown to be very similar to diabetic neuropathy in humans. [9] Distal symmetric polyneuropathy symptoms include atrophy of the distal leg muscles and the muscles of the head, and rear limb weakness. No treatment is known and the prognosis is poor.
Globally diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 132 million people as of 2010 (1.9% of the population). [41] Diabetes is the leading known cause of neuropathy in developed countries, and neuropathy is the most common complication and greatest source of morbidity and mortality in diabetes.
Domestic cats are affected by over 250 naturally occurring hereditary disorders, many of which are similar to those in humans, such as diabetes, hemophilia and Tay–Sachs disease. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] For example, Abyssinian cat 's pedigree contains a genetic mutation that causes retinitis pigmentosa , which also affects humans.
Proximal diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy, is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the nerves that supply the thighs, hips, buttocks and/or lower legs. Proximal diabetic neuropathy is a type of diabetic neuropathy characterized by muscle wasting, weakness, pain, or changes in sensation/numbness of the leg.
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