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  2. Gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

    The process of gene expression is used by all known life—eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses—to generate the macromolecular machinery for life. In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable ...

  3. Maternal to zygotic transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_to_zygotic_transition

    The generally accepted mechanism for the initiation of embryonic gene regulatory networks in mammals is that there are multiple waves of MZT. In mouse, the first of these occurs in the zygote, where expression of a few pioneering transcription factors gradually increases the expression of target genes downstream.

  4. De novo gene birth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_novo_gene_birth

    Although de novo gene birth was once viewed as a highly unlikely occurrence, [7] several unequivocal examples have now been described, [8] and some researchers speculate that de novo gene birth could play a major role in evolutionary innovation, morphological specification, and adaptation, [9] [10] probably promoted by their low level of ...

  5. Human embryonic development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryonic_development

    Human embryonic development or human embryogenesis is the development and formation of the human embryo.It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.

  6. Development of the human body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body

    Development before birth, or prenatal development (from Latin natalis 'relating to birth') is the process in which a zygote, and later an embryo, and then a fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization and the formation of the zygote , the first stage in embryonic development which continues in fetal ...

  7. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great variety and complexity of gene expression control. Eukaryotic transcription proceeds in three sequential stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. [1]

  8. Regulation of gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_gene_expression

    Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from signaling to transcription to post-translational modification of a protein. The following is a list of stages where gene expression is regulated, where the most extensively utilized point is transcription initiation, the first stage in transcription: [citation needed] Signal transduction

  9. Biological process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_process

    Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. Homeostasis : regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature

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