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Name Location Dependent population Description Sources of pollution Impact Bharalu River: Assam, India: One of the most polluted rivers in the state of Assam. [19] The biochemical oxygen demand of the river is 52 mg/L in compared to the permissible limit set by the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) at 3 mg/L. [20]
The model describes how dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases in a river or stream along a certain distance by degradation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The equation was derived by H. W. Streeter, a sanitary engineer, and Earle B. Phelps , a consultant for the U.S. Public Health Service , in 1925, based on field data from the Ohio River .
The Citarum River (more correctly called the Tarum River, as the prefix "Ci" simply means "river") (Sundanese: Walungan Citarum) is the longest and largest river in West Java, Indonesia. [3] It is the third longest river in Java, after Bengawan Solo and Brantas. It plays an important role in the life of the people of West Java.
An aquatic system lacking dissolved oxygen (0% saturation) is termed anaerobic, reducing, or anoxic. In water, oxygen levels are approximately 7 ppm or 0.0007% in good quality water, but fluctuate. [5] Many organisms require hypoxic conditions. Oxygen is poisonous to anaerobic bacteria for example. [3]
Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a major contributor to poor water quality. Not only do fish and most other aquatic animals need oxygen, aerobic bacteria help decompose organic matter. When oxygen concentrations become low, anoxic conditions may develop which can decrease the ability of the water body to support life.
Dissolved stream solutes can be considered either reactive or conservative. Reactive solutes are readily biologically assimilated by the autotrophic and heterotrophic biota of the stream; examples can include inorganic nitrogen species such as nitrate or ammonium, some forms of phosphorus (e.g., soluble reactive phosphorus), and silica.
During periods of thermal stratification, water density gradients prevent oxygen-rich surface waters from mixing with deeper waters. Prolonged periods of stratification can result in the depletion of bottom-water dissolved oxygen; when dissolved oxygen concentrations are below 2 milligrams per liter, waters are considered hypoxic. [22]
Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. The US Geological Survey defines anoxic groundwater as those with dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.5 milligrams per litre. [1] Anoxic waters can be contrasted with hypoxic waters, which are low (but not lacking) in dissolved ...