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The fore-arc basin forms between the fore-arc ridge and the island arc; it is a region of undisturbed flat-bedded sedimentation. Trenches : These are the deepest features of ocean basins; the deepest being the Mariana trench (approximately 11,000 m or 36,000 ft).
The Tonga–Kermadec Ridge is an oceanic ridge in the south-west Pacific Ocean underlying the Tonga–Kermadec island arc.It is a result of the most linear, fastest converging, and seismically active subduction boundary on Earth, the Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone, and consequently has the highest density of submarine volcanoes.
The Aleutian Trench, formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate under the North American plate, sits south of the island arc. [2] A forearc basin reaching depths of 7 km occupies the space between the trench and the island arc and leads up to the Aleutian Ridge, the north side of which being the area where the most volcanic activity occurs. [2]
The Ryukyu Arc is an island arc which extends from the south of Kyushu along the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast of Taiwan, spanning about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi). [2] [3] [4] It is located along a section of the convergent plate boundary where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting northwestward beneath the Eurasian Plate along the Ryukyu ...
Bathymetry of the Scotia Arc. The Scotia Arc is the island arc system forming the north, east and south border of the Scotia Sea.The northern border, the North Scotia Ridge, comprises (from west to east): Isla de los Estados at the tip of Tierra del Fuego, the Burdwood, Davis, and Aurora Banks; the Shag, South Georgia Island and Clerke Rocks.
The Aleutian island arc formed ~50-55 ma as a result of Kula Plate subduction under the North American Plate before the Pacific plate arrived. [3] There are three stratigraphic units of the Aleutian island arc: volcanic rocks from ~55-33 ma, marine sedimentary rocks from ~23-33 ma, and sedimentary and igneous rocks from ~5 ma-present. [3]
This violent collision halted subduction which fed volcanic activity in the Omineca Arc and closed the Bridge River Ocean. The subduction zone moved westward to the Farallon Trench, causing new volcanism which formed the Coast Range Arc. Rocks of the Insular Islands now comprise wide sections of the westernmost coast of the North American plate.
Geologic map depicting the Smartville Complex (in brown) and other accreted terranes in California. [1]The Smartville Block, also called the Smartville Ophiolite, Smartville Complex, or Smartville Intrusive Complex, is a geologic terrane formed in the ocean from a volcanic island arc that was accreted onto the North American Plate during the late Jurassic (~160–150 million years ago).