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In economics, an implicit cost, also called an imputed cost, implied cost, or notional cost, is the opportunity cost equal to what a firm must give up in order to use a factor of production for which it already owns and thus does not pay rent. It is the opposite of an explicit cost, which is borne directly. [1]
An explicit cost is a direct payment made to others in the course of running a business, such as wage, rent and materials, [1] as opposed to implicit costs, where no actual payment is made. [2] It is possible still to underestimate these costs, however: for example, pension contributions and other "perks" must be taken into account when ...
In terms of factors of production, implicit opportunity costs allow for depreciation of goods, materials and equipment that ensure the operations of a company. [10] Examples of implicit costs regarding production are mainly resources contributed by a business owner which includes: [5] [10] Human labour; Infrastructure; Risk
Sometimes this cost is explicit: for example, if a firm pays $100 for a machine, its cost is $100. Other times, however, the cost is implicit: for example, if a firm diverts resources from producing output worth $200 into producing a different kind of output, then regardless of how much or how little of the latter output is produced, the ...
The comparison includes the gains and losses precluded by taking a course of action as well as those of the course taken itself. Economic cost differs from accounting cost because it includes opportunity cost. [3] [2] [4] (Some sources refer to accounting cost as explicit cost and opportunity cost as implicit cost. [2] [4])
It is different from accounting profit, which only relates to the explicit costs that appear on a firm's financial statements. An accountant measures the firm's accounting profit as the firm's total revenue minus only the firm's explicit costs. An economist includes all costs, both explicit and implicit costs, when analyzing a firm. Therefore ...
Microeconomics is closely related to Managerial economics through areas such as; consumer demand and supply, opportunity cost, revenue creation and cost minimization. [5] Managerial economics inculcates the application of microeconomics application and makes use of economic theories and methods in analyzing a business and its management.
Implementation shortfall is a commonly targeted benchmark, which is the sum of all explicit and implicit costs. Sometimes, an opportunity cost of not transacting is factored in. [5] After measurement, costs must be attributed to their underlying causes. Finally, this analysis is used to evaluate performance and monitor future transactions.