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Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles. This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid , air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the ...
Two banjo fittings (upper center of photo) atop automotive brake calipers. The copper crush washer in the gap between the fitting and body of the caliper completes the seal. Compared to pipe fittings that are themselves threaded , banjo fittings have the advantage that they do not have to be rotated relative to the host fitting.
Since the ideal brake system would use only hard tubing for its lack of expansion, but some use of flexible hose is required, the ideal compromise is to use a hose type that allows a minimal rate of expansion. Thus the assertion that braided stainless steel hose is superior as compared to a typical rubber hose when used in a hydraulic brake system.
However, brakes are rarely applied at full throttle; the driver takes the right foot off the gas pedal and moves it to the brake pedal - unless left-foot braking is used. Because of low vacuum at high RPM, reports of unintended acceleration are often accompanied by complaints of failed or weakened brakes, as the high-revving engine, having an ...
US 2140752 Brake. La Brie 1938-12-20; US 2084216 V-type brake for motor vehicles. Poage Robert A. and Poage Marlin Z. 1937-06-15; US 2028488 Brake. Avery William Leicester 1936-02-21; US 1959049 Friction Brake. Buus Niels Peter Valdemar 1934-05-15; US 1954534 Brake. Norton Raymond J 1934-04-10; US 1721370 Brake for use on vehicles. Boughton ...
Air brakes need a tap to seal the hose at the ends of the train. If these taps are incorrectly closed, a loss of brake force may occur, leading to a dangerous runaway. With vacuum brakes, the end of the hose can be plugged into a stopper which seals the hose by suction. It is much harder to block the hose pipe compared to air brakes.
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A different kind of accident can occur if a malfunction in the air brake system (such as a broken air brake hose) causes the air brakes to engage unexpectedly. An example of this problem can be seen in the accident that caused the death of John Luther "Casey" Jones on 30 April 1900 on the Illinois Central Railroad main line at Vaughan, Mississippi.