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Carbon-dioxide lasers have become useful in surgical procedures because water (which makes up most biological tissue) absorbs this frequency of light very well. Some examples of medical uses are laser surgery and skin resurfacing ("laser facelifts ", which essentially consist of vaporizing the skin to promote collagen formation). [ 9 ]
The first laser, invented by Theodore Maiman in May 1960. Nd:YAG laser: 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) Flashlamp, laser diode: Material processing, rangefinding, laser target designation, surgery, tattoo removal, hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with frequency doubling to produce a green 532 nm beam). One of the most common high ...
In 1958, two years before Maiman demonstrated the laser (initially called an "optical maser"), [3] Schawlow and Townes [4] transferred the maser linewidth to the optical regime by replacing the thermal energy by the photon energy, where is the Planck constant and is the frequency of laser light, thereby approximating that
Nd is used for boring and where high energy but low repetition are required. The Nd:YAG laser is used where very high power is needed and for boring and engraving. Both CO 2 and Nd/Nd:YAG lasers can be used for welding. [13] CO 2 lasers are commonly "pumped" by passing a current through the gas mix (DC-excited) or using radio frequency energy ...
Dye lasers and some vibronic solid-state lasers have extremely large bandwidths, allowing tuning over a range of tens to hundreds of nanometres. [23] Titanium-doped sapphire is the most common tunable solid-state laser, capable of laser operation from 670 nm to 1,100 nm wavelengths. [ 24 ]
A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. Chemical lasers can reach continuous wave output with power reaching to megawatt levels ...
The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first laser to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. The first gas laser, the Helium–neon laser (HeNe), was co-invented by Iranian engineer and scientist Ali Javan and American physicist William R. Bennett, Jr., in 1960. It produced a ...
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10 −12 s) or femtoseconds (10 −15 s).