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The millefiori technique involves the production of glass canes or rods, known as murrine, with multicolored patterns which are viewable only from the cut ends of the cane. [2] [9] A murrine rod is heated in a furnace and pulled until thin while still maintaining the cross section's design. It is then cut into beads or discs when cooled. [2] [9]
As bar tracery opened the way for more complex patterns, masons started applying those same patterns to other surfaces as well as the actual window openings. When used on an otherwise solid walls, such motifs are known as blind tracery, a decorative effect first applied on the west facade of the church of St Nicaise at Reims (1230s).
The Belcher Mosaic Glass Company’ first catalogue was published in 1886 and features a foreword written by stained glass designer Caryl Coleman, brother of American artist Charles Caryl Coleman. [10] In his writing, Coleman commends the use of glass in the decorative arts in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century.
Northwood produced a large amount of this pattern. There were two variations of the pattern with one having more vine in the center. [10] Three Fruits 1910 The pattern includes fruits and foliage. The Fenton glass also had a similar pattern. [11] Wishbone This was used on bowls and plates of two different sizes, 8 and 10 inch.
Hobnail glass is pressed glass with a pattern of raised bumps. It was created in 1886 at Hobbs, Brockunier and Company by William Leighton Jr. and William F. Russell. [ 85 ] Their patent, No. 343,133, discussed projecting nodules and improvements in "pressed opalescent glassware". [ 86 ]
Flint glass melted in tank: In 1898 Charles H. Runyon of the Keystone Glass Company in Rochester, Pennsylvania, was the first in the United States to melt the batch for flint glass in a tank. [21] Note 11 ] A second source calls the Rochester company operating at that time (1897–1905) by the name of Keystone Tumbler Company.
It is most commonly found as tracery, mainly in Gothic architecture, where a quatrefoil often may be seen at the top of a Gothic arch, sometimes filled with stained glass. Although the design is often referred to as of Islamic origin, there are examples of its use that precede the birth of Islam by almost 200 years.
Westmoreland's main production was pressed glass tableware lines, mustard jars, and candy containers. Westmoreland had its own mustard factory and tin shop on the property grounds of the factory. George West is regarded as the "Father of the Candy Container Industry" for the company's extensive production of candy containers.