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The North Polar Basin, more commonly known as the Borealis Basin, is a large basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars that covers 40% of the planet. [1] [2] Some scientists have postulated that the basin formed during the impact of a single, large body roughly 2% of the mass of Mars, having a diameter of about 1,900 km (1,200 miles) early in the history of Mars, around 4.5 billion years ago.
The large basin is surrounded by heavily cratered highlands. The Argyre quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Argyre quadrangle is also referred to as MC-26 (Mars Chart-26). [1] It contains Argyre Planitia and part of Noachis Terra.
The crater depth is 7,152 m (23,465 ft) below the standard topographic datum of Mars. [1] Hellas Planitia / ˈ h ɛ l ə s p l ə ˈ n ɪ ʃ i ə / is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas [a] located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. [3] Hellas is the fourth- or fifth-largest known impact crater in ...
Frosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Utopia Planitia (Greek and Latin: "Utopia Land Plain") is a large plain [2] within Utopia, the largest recognized impact basin on Mars [a] and in the Solar System with an estimated diameter of 3,300 km (2,100 mi). [1]
Generalised geological map of Mars [1] Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology.
The basin is approximately 1,700 km (1,100 mi) wide [1] and drops 5.2 km (17,000 ft) below the surrounding plains; it is the second-deepest impact basin on Mars after Hellas. The crater Galle , located on the east rim of Argyre at 51°S 31°W / 51°S 31°W / -51; -31 , strongly resembles a smiley
The basin is located in the southern highlands of Mars and is thought to have been formed about 3.9 billion years ago, during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Studies suggest that when an impact created the Hellas Basin, the entire surface of Mars was heated hundreds of degrees, 70 meters of molted rock fell on the planet, and an atmosphere of ...
Areography, also known as the geography of Mars, is a subfield of planetary science that entails the delineation and characterization of regions on Mars. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Areography is mainly focused on what is called physical geography on Earth; that is the distribution of physical features across Mars and their cartographic representations.