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True soaps, which we might recognise as soaps today, were different to proto-soaps. They foamed, were made deliberately, and could be produced in a hard or soft form because of an understanding of lye sources. [16] It is uncertain as to who was the first to invent true soap. [15] [20]
Neander points out that the soap-making recipe from Mazur's testimony was contradictory and unrealistic, with a testimony from 12 May 1945 which claimed that 75 kg of fat were produced and 8 kg of soap were produced from the first boiling, a testimony from 28 May 1945 which claimed that 70–80 kg of fat were produced from 40 bodies and 25 kg ...
Pears soap was made using a process entirely different from other soaps. A mixture of tallow and other fats was saponified by an alkali.This is currently caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) since the ingredients list shows sodium salts of fatty acids, but a chemist reports that in the 1960s, caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) was used.
Nabulsi soap was traditionally made by women for household use, even before the appearance of small soap-making factories in the 10th century. [2] [3] Trade with Bedouins was indispensable for soap-making, both in Nablus and Hebron, since they alone could furnish the alkaline soda (qilw) required by the process. [4]
By contrast, potassium soaps (derived using KOH) are "soft" soaps. The fatty acid source also affects the soap's melting point. The fatty acid source also affects the soap's melting point. Most early hard soaps were manufactured using animal fats and KOH extracted from wood ash ; these were broadly solid.
The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon. [ 2 ] German chemical companies developed an alkyl sulfate surfactant in 1917, in response to shortages of soap ingredients during the Allied Blockade of Germany during World War I .
In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the B. J. Johnson Company was making a soap from palm oil and olive oil, the formula of which was developed by Burdett J. Johnson in 1898. The soap was popular enough to rename their company after it in 1917—Palmolive. [5] Around the start of the 20th century, Palmolive was the world's best-selling soap.
Today there are two main types of Marseille soap. The original greenish-hued variety made with olive oil, and a white one made of palm and coconut oil mixture. [2] Originally sold only in 5 kg (11 lb) and 20 kg (44 lb) blocks, they usually come in 300 g (11 oz) and 600 g (21 oz) squares nowadays.