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In human anatomy, the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis (Latin: symphysis menti) or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse in the first year of life (6–9 months after birth). [1]
medial angle of mandible: maxillary artery, pterygoid branches: mandibular nerve [CNV 3], medial pterygoid nerve: elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side 2 1 genioglossus, inferior fibers head, tongue (left/right) superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of ...
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD, also termed "temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome") is pain and dysfunction of the TMJ and the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw). TMD does not fit neatly into any one etiologic category since the pathophysiology is poorly understood and it represents a range of distinct ...
Cephalometric analysis depends on cephalometric radiography to study relationships between bony and soft tissue landmarks and can be used to diagnose facial growth abnormalities prior to treatment, in the middle of treatment to evaluate progress, or at the conclusion of treatment to ascertain that the goals of treatment have been met. [5]
The forensic term for the midpoint of the mandibular angle is the gonion. The gonion is a cephalometric landmark located at the lowest, posterior, and lateral point on the angle. [ 1 ] This site is at the apex of the maximum curvature of the mandible, where the ascending ramus becomes the body of the mandible.
In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. [3] [4] The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw.
The dentary is similar in shape to that of many other prozostrodontians, with an overall slender form that abruptly changes angle near the front of the jaw. This distinct change in angle separates the dentary into two main regions, the horizontal ramus behind the level of the first postcanine tooth, and the upwards-tilted anterodorsal process in front of the first postcanine.
The most important feature is pain, followed by restricted mandibular movement, [2] and noises from the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) during jaw movement. Although TMD is not life-threatening, it can be detrimental to quality of life ; [ 3 ] this is because the symptoms can become chronic and difficult to manage.