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1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms.It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during the fixation/reduction of ...
Glyceric acid is usually produced by oxidation of glycerol. A typical oxidant is nitric acid, but catalytic oxidations have been developed also: [2] [3] HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH + O 2 → HOCH 2 CH(OH)CO 2 H + H 2 O. As glycerol is prochiral, the oxidation of the two
2,3-BPG is formed from 1,3-BPG by the enzyme BPG mutase.It can then be broken down by 2,3-BPG phosphatase to form 3-phosphoglycerate.Its synthesis and breakdown are, therefore, a way around a step of glycolysis, with the net expense of one ATP per molecule of 2,3-BPG generated as the high-energy carboxylic acid-phosphate mixed anhydride bond is cleaved by 2,3-BPG phosphatase.
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). [1] This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle.
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and (R)-glycerate, whereas its two products are ADP and either 3-phospho-(R)-glycerate or 2-phospho-(R)-glycerate. [ 1 ] This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases , specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups ( phosphotransferases ) with an alcohol group as acceptor.
Glycerate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glyceric acid (a.k.a. D-glycerate) to 2-phosphoglycerate.This conversion is an intermediary reaction found in several metabolic pathways, including the degradation (break-down; catabolism) of serine, [1] as well as the breakdown of fructose.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate 2-phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase , diphosphoglycerate phosphatase , 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid phosphatase , 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase , and glycerate-2,3-diphosphate phosphatase .
It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO 3 2-) and glycerol. It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids. [2] From a historical reason, it is also known as L-glycerol 3-phosphate, D-glycerol 1-phosphate, L-α-glycerophosphoric acid.