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Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs. [3]
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), [10] and OCT angiography (OCTA) [11] [12] [13] studies have provided support for choriocapillaris involvement. However, a novel hypothesis was proposed implicating a direct neurotropic infection as a possible underlying cause given the dynamic changes observed along the neuronal pathway of the retina [ 14 ]
The ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is a US system of medical classification used for procedural coding.The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the agency responsible for maintaining the inpatient procedure code set in the U.S., contracted with 3M Health Information Systems in 1995 to design and then develop a procedure classification system to replace Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM.
Ocular melanosis (OM) is a disease of the eye which in dogs is almost found exclusively in the Cairn Terrier. The disease is caused by an increase of melanocytes in the iris, sclera, and surrounding structures. [63] Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) is common in dogs. Symptoms include eye redness, a yellow or greenish discharge, ulceration ...
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes K00-K14 within Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system should be included in this category. Subcategories This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total.
When the cornea of the eye is affected, repeated scarring may result in blindness. Brunsting–Perry cicatricial pemphigoid is a rare variant of mucous membrane pemphigoid involving the scalp and the neck without mucosal involvement. It is proposed by some authors that this be called a variant of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. [6] [1]
fever [10] These can be the initial presentation for some patients. [3] Other symptoms associated with UCTD include : [11] joint pain – the most common symptom, occurring in up to 86% of patients. [3] The pain is often an aching or arthritis-like pain in the elbows, wrists, hands, and knees, in a symmetrical pattern. [12] dry eyes; dry mouth ...
MMM is the most common inflammatory myopathy in dogs. [1] The disease mainly affects large breed dogs. [2] German Shepherd Dogs [3] and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed. [4] There is a similar disease of the eye muscles found in Golden Retrievers. Symptoms of acute MMM include swelling of the jaw muscles, drooling, and pain on ...