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Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), also called phthalocyanine blue, phthalo blue and many other names, is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of dyes based on phthalocyanines. Its brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes .
Phthalocyanine green is derived from phthalocyanine blue by chlorination in the presence of aluminium trichloride. The stoichiometry for the complete chlorination is shown: [1] Cu(C 32 H 16 N 8) + 16 Cl 2 → Cu(C 32 N 8 Cl 16) + 16 HCl. In practice, this pigment is a mixture of isomers and degrees of chlorination.
In 1907, an unidentified blue compound, now known to be phthalocyanine, was reported. [7] In 1927, Swiss researchers serendipitously discovered copper phthalocyanine, copper naphthalocyanine, and copper octamethylphthalocyanine in an attempted conversion of o-dibromobenzene into phthalonitrile.
Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed of a majority of green, followed by blue. The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s. [2] Viridian takes its name from the Latin viridis, meaning "green". [3]
Blue pigments are natural or synthetic materials, usually made from minerals and insoluble with water, used to make the blue colors in painting and other arts. The raw material of the earliest blue pigment was lapis lazuli from mines in Afghanistan, that was refined into the pigment ultramarine .
Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi 4 O 10 or CaOCuO(SiO 2) 4 (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, [1] is a pigment that was used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. [2] It was known to the Romans by the name caeruleum.
In the early 20th century, Phthalo Blue, a synthetic metallo-organic pigment was prepared. At the same time, Royal Blue, another name once given to tints produced from lapis lazuli, has evolved to signify a much lighter and brighter color, and is usually mixed from Phthalo Blue and titanium dioxide, or from inexpensive synthetic blue dyes.
YInMn Blue (/jɪnmɪn/; for the chemical symbols Y for yttrium, In for indium, and Mn for manganese), also known as Oregon Blue or Mas Blue, is an inorganic blue pigment that was discovered by Mas Subramanian and his (then) graduate student, Andrew Smith, at Oregon State University in 2009.