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In 2015, pulmonary sarcoidosis and interstitial lung disease affected 1.9 million people globally and they resulted in 122,000 deaths. [10] [11] It is most common in Scandinavians, but occurs in all parts of the world. [14] In the United States, risk is greater among black people as opposed to white people. [14]
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian , Irish , African and Puerto Rican heritage.
Differential diagnosis: Sarcoidosis, other interstitial lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis [4] Treatment: Pulmonary rehabilitation, supplemental oxygen, lung transplantation [1] Medication: Pirfenidone, nintedanib [2] Prognosis: Life expectancy ~ 4 years [1] Frequency: 12 per 100,000 people per year [4]
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
The differential diagnosis includes other types of lung disease that cause similar symptoms and show similar abnormalities on chest radiographs. Some of these diseases cause fibrosis, scarring or honeycomb change. The most common considerations include: chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; non-specific interstitial pneumonia; sarcoidosis
Conglomerate masses can also develop in sarcoidosis, [5] but usually near the hilae and with surrounding paracicatricial emphysema. The disease arises firstly through the deposition of silica or coal dust (or other dust) within the lung , and then through the body's immunological reactions to the dust.
Granulomatous–lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a lung complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). It is seen in approximately 15% of patients with CVID. [ 1 ] It has been defined histologically as the presence of (non-caseating) granuloma and lymphoproliferation in the lung. [ 1 ]
Such scar tissue causes an irreversible decrease in oxygen diffusion capacity, and the resulting stiffness or decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease. [14] Pulmonary fibrosis is perpetuated by aberrant wound healing, rather than chronic inflammation. [15] It is the main cause of restrictive lung disease that is ...