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  2. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    2.65% (1 in 37.7) – Lickey Incline, UK; 2.6% (1 in 38) – A slope near Halden on Østfold Line, Norway – Ok for passenger multiple units, but an obstacle for freight trains which must keep their weight down on this international mainline because of the slope. Freight traffic has mainly shifted to road. 2.3% (1 in 43.5) – Schiefe Ebene ...

  3. List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_steepest_gradients...

    1 in 9 (11%) or 1 in 10 (10%) Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão, Brazil: 22 existing railways merged and nationalised in 1953 1 in 9.5 (10.5%) Roaring Camp & Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad, California, United States: 1963: 3ft narrow gauge heritage railroad 1 in 10 (10%) Sheffield Supertram, Sheffield, England: 1994 [2] 1 in 10.4 (9.6%)

  4. 1.5-degree target - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1.5-degree_target

    The inscription '1.5 °' at Neustädter Elbufer in Dresden for adhering to the 1.5-degree target by Fridays for Future (2022). The 1.5-degree target (also known as the 1.5-degree limit) is the climate goal of limiting the man-made global temperature increase caused by the greenhouse effect to 1.5 °C on a 20-year average, calculated from the beginning of industrialization to the year 2100. [1]

  5. Angle of repose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_repose

    The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, [1] of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane on which the material can be piled without slumping. At this angle, the material on the slope face is on the verge of sliding. The angle of repose can range from 0° to 90°.

  6. List of curves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_curves

    1.1.1.5 Degree 5. 1.1.1.6 Degree 6. 1.1.1.7 Curve families of variable degree. ... Plane curves of degree 2 are known as conics or conic sections and include Circle.

  7. Drainage gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_gradient

    Typically on straight road sections, the drainage gradient is at least 1–3% due to the normal cross slope of 1–3%. In curved sections the drainage gradient is higher, and may often reach 5–12% due to superelevated CS that may reach 5–8% in areas with icy roads and up to 12% in areas without icy roads.

  8. Degree of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_curvature

    Where degree of curvature is based on 100 units of arc length, the conversion between degree of curvature and radius is Dr = 18000/π ≈ 5729.57795, where D is degree and r is radius. Since rail routes have very large radii, they are laid out in chords, as the difference to the arc is inconsequential; this made work easier before electronic ...

  9. Vegetation and slope stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation_and_slope_stability

    The larger trees should be planted at the toe of the slope with a potential rotational failure as this could increase the factor of safety by 10%. However, if the tree is planted at the top of the slope this could reduce the factor of safety by 10%. [2] [5] Each slope stability situation should be considered independently for the vegetation ...