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Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical toxins produced by Escherichia coli. [3] The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria S. dysenteriae and some serotypes of Escherichia coli (shigatoxigenic or STEC), which include serotypes O157:H7 , and O104:H4 .
The Shiga toxins target ribosomal RNA, which inhibits protein synthesis and causes apoptosis. [14] The reason EHEC are symptomless in cattle is because the cattle do not have vascular expression of Gb3 unlike humans. Thus, the Shiga toxins cannot pass through the intestinal epithelium into circulation. [5]
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli.It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef.
The bacterial Shiga toxin can be used for targeted therapy of certain gastrointestinal cancers that express the receptor of the Shiga toxin. [4] For this purpose a non-specific chemotherapeutic agent is conjugated to the B-subunit to make it specific.
This process involves inactivating the toxin, creating a toxoid that does not induce toxin-related illness and is well tolerated. [8] A widely used toxoid vaccine is the DPT vaccine , which is usually administered in multiple doses throughout childhood with adjuvants and boosters for long-term immunity. [ 8 ]
The term shiga-like toxins was previously used to further distinguish the shiga toxins produced by E. coli, but nowadays, they are collectively referred to as shiga toxins. [8] Within the STEC strains, a subgroup classified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) represent a class of pathogens with more severe virulence factors in addition to the ...
S. dysenteriae spreads through contaminated water and food, causes minor dysentery because of its Shiga toxin, but other species may also be dysentery agents. [7] S. dysenteriae releases an exotoxin that compromises the gut and central nervous system. [4] If acting as an enterotoxin, diarrhea will occur.