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A chromophore is a molecule which absorbs light at a particular wavelength and reflects color as a result. Chromophores are commonly referred to as colored molecules for this reason. The word is derived from Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
An auxochrome is a functional group of atoms with one or more lone pairs of electrons when attached to a chromophore, alters both the wavelength and intensity of absorption. If these groups are in direct conjugation with the pi -system of the chromophore, they may increase the wavelength at which the light is absorbed and as a result intensify ...
A fluorophore (or fluorochrome, similarly to a chromophore) is a fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation. Fluorophores typically contain several combined aromatic groups, or planar or cyclic molecules with several π bonds .
The chromophore, with an amine functional group, is attached to the triazine, displacing one chloride: [citation needed] (NCCl) 3 + dye-NH 2 → N 3 C 3 Cl 2 (NHdye) + HCl The resulting dichlorotriazine can then be affixed to the cellulose fibre by displacement of one of the two chloride groups: [ citation needed ]
Like animal rhodopsins, microbial rhodopsins (found in prokaryotes and algae) contain a retinal chromophore and have seven transmembrane alpha helices; however, they are not coupled to a G protein. The retinal chromophore differs from the animal 11- cis form and is an all- trans retinal isomer at the ground state, which isomerizes to 13- cis ...
The apoprotein with its chromophore is called phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and allophycocyanin, respectively. They often occur as hexamers of α and β subunits (α 3 β 3) 2. They enhance the amount and spectral window of light absorption and fill the "green gap", which occurs in higher plants. [17]
The chromophore is derived from Glu-63, Tyr-64 and Gly-65 and the phenolic group of Tyr-64 plays a vital role in the formation of a conjugated system with the imidazolidone moiety resulting a high absorbance in the absorption spectrum of chromoprotein in the excited state. The replacement of Tyrosine with other amino acids leads to the ...
An earlier theory known as Witt theory stated that a colored dye had two components, a chromophore which imparts color by absorbing light in the visible region (some examples are nitro, azo, quinoid groups) and an auxochrome which serves to deepen the color.