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Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands , it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before 1815 , its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [ 10 ]
This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22] While there were other eruptions in 1815, Tambora is classified as a VEI-7 eruption with a column 45 km (148,000 ft) tall, eclipsing all others by at least one order of magnitude.
Mount Merapi, Semeru and Kelud are the most active volcanoes in Java. Mount Semeru has been continuously erupting since 1967. [15] Mount Merapi has been named as one of the Decade Volcanoes since 1995. [16] Ijen has a unique colourful caldera lake which is an extremely acidic natural reservoir (pH<0.3). [17]
Whether the mass release was higher or lower than for Tambora is contentious; Tambora might have produced more sulfur [108] but Samalas may have been more effective at injecting tephra into the stratosphere. [109] After the eruption, it probably took weeks to months for the fallout to reach large distances from the volcano. [84]
Mount Emmons, Mount Hague, and Double Crater are post-caldera cones. [6] The topography of the Basin and Range Province is a result of crustal extension within this part of the North American Plate (rifting of the North American craton or Laurentia from Western North America; e.g. Gulf of California, Rio Grande rift, Oregon-Idaho graben).
On the latter stands Mount Tambora (8°14’41” S, 117°59’35” E), a large stratovolcano famous for its VEI 7 eruption in 1815, one of only a few eruptions of such magnitude in the last 2,000 years. The eruption obliterated most of Tambora's summit, reducing its height by about a third and leaving a six-kilometer-wide caldera. Regardless ...
The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa and the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas on Lombok were among the largest in the last two millennia, ranking 7 on the VEI scale. [14] The Sunda Arc subduction zone was also the site of one of the largest known eruptions of the Cenozoic , the VEI 8 Toba supereruption on Sumatra , which expelled 2,800 ...