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An intermediate landing is a small platform that is built as part of stairs between main floor levels and is typically used to allow the stairs to change directions, or to allow the user a rest. A half landing, or half-pace, is where a 180° change in direction is made, and a quarter landing is where a 90° change in direction is made (on an ...
A dog-leg staircase A quarter-landing, on a dog-leg staircase, is made into an architectural feature, by the use of arches, vaulting and stained glass. A dog-leg is a configuration of stairs between two floors of a building, often a domestic building, in which a flight of stairs ascends to a quarter-landing before turning at a right angle and continuing upwards. [1]
The design has also been used with a single-length set of extension stairs on aircraft such as the cargo compartment of the widebody Ilyushin Il-86 (the primary entrance to the aircraft for passengers), Boeing VC-25, and the belly lounges of three Lockheed L-1011s. Another widespread type of airstair is used for forward doors.
If of round cross section the bar will typically be end-forged to create a head, which is then flatted by additional forging. The head may then be machined to a precise thickness and flatness. An alternative method for using round bar is to form a loop and to forge-weld (hammer weld) or electrically weld the free end to the main bar.
Leonard's Gianella Bridge, Glenn, California, one of his few steel designs (demolished) Fernbridge, over the Eel River near Ferndale, California, 1911 (extant) John Buck Leonard (1864–1945) was a pioneering bridge engineer and architect, early advocate for reinforced concrete, working mainly in northern California.
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In terms of the actual load on a structure, there is no difference between dead or live loading, but the split occurs for use in safety calculations or ease of analysis on complex models. To meet the requirement that design strength be higher than maximum loads, building codes prescribe that, for structural design, loads are increased by load ...